![]() ![]() Space Electronic Confrontation, Issue No. Military’s Space Warfare in the 21st Century. Study of the Arms and Weaponry of the U.S. Space Warfare and War Fighting Environment. China’s Space Odyssey: What the Antisatellite Test Reveals about Decision-Making in Beijing Foreign Affairs, 86(3), 2–3 (May–June 2007). Aviation Week & Space Technology (January 21, 2007). ![]() China’s Asat Test Will Intensify U.S.-Chinese Faceoff in Space. 13 United Nations University Press, Tokyo (1991), published in cooperation with the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).Ĭovault, C. Outer Space A Source of Conflict or Co-operation?, p. The Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water, 480 UNTS 43 (entered into force October 10, 1963).Ĭonvention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (1976), 11 UKTS, Cmd 6397 (entered into force March 26, 1975) Chemical Weapons Convention 1992 32 ILM 800 (entered into force April 29, 1997).Ĭonvention on the Prohibition of Military or any other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, 31 UST 333 (entered into force October 5, 1978). “US Air Force Anti-Satellite Weapon Is Operational”, (September 30, 2004). US Space Command, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado (1997). “Statement to the Conference on Disarmament”, US Mission Geneva, Permanent Representative to CD (February 7, 2002), online internet (January 30, 2005). XII US White House, press release, “Statement by the Press Secretary: Announcement of Withdrawal from the ABM Treaty” (December 13, 2001), online internet (January 30, 2005), available from Google Scholar Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, (entered into force October 3, 1972, but no longer in effect as of June 13, 2002, due to US withdrawal). National Defense University Press, Beijing (2000). “President’s Speech on Military Spending and a New Defense”, New York Times, A-20 (March 24, 1983). “Benign Space Concept Ends with Creation of SPACECOM”, Air Force Times, 23 (July 12, 1982). USAF, “Of Trees and Leaves: A New View of Doctrine”, Air University Review, 40–48 (January–February 1982).įamiglietti, L. That takes a lot of time and energy and a different set of tools … All of that is critical to turning an arsenal into a military force.Maj. ![]() The other pieces are “the tactics, the training, the experience, the ability to work hand in glove with allies and partners. “If we think we can just buy the best arsenal, we are only going to have half of the equation met,” said Saltzman. With these challenges in mind, the Space Force is looking to deploy newer types of satellites but also train operators for the contested space environment, he said. This has to be the “starting point of a discussion that we need to build a new type of space capabilities with resiliency baked in from the beginning.” ![]() “If you can just take out a few satellites and radically degrade the capabilities, you don’t have a resilient architecture,” Saltzman added. Before China in 2007 demonstrated an anti-satellite weapon, the thinking in the Pentagon was to make satellites as capable as possible to minimize the number that needed to be launched, Saltzman explained.Īfter China’s ASAT test, it became clear that relying on a small number of big-ticket satellites “was not inherently resilient,” he said. The satellites the United States military has on orbit today are high-performing machines and would be difficult to replace if an enemy took one down. The Space Force is working on that, he said, but it will take years. 2, said a top priority for the Department of Defense is “to protect our capabilities in space.” Saltzman, who assumed command of the Space Force Nov. Whether it’s satellite-based communications, imagery, early warning of missile launches, or positioning navigation and timing, “the capability that space offers has demonstrated its value so much so that both sides are engaged in trying to counter those capabilities and deny those advantages to the opponent,” he said. Saltzman’s two main takeaways from the conflict in Ukraine: the value of space “has been proven out,” and space is “clearly a contested domain.” “I think this modern war that we’re seeing play out in Ukraine is just indicative of what we can expect in the future,” Saltzman said during a panel session at the Reagan National Defense Forum in Simi Valley, California. Chance Saltzman, chief of space operations of the U.S. WASHINGTON - The war in Ukraine has put on display military forces’ growing reliance on satellites and has created incentives to disrupt opponents’ access to space systems, Gen. ![]()
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